
Bach composed his Christmas Oratorio for the Christmas church festival at Leipzig in 1734. This , included not only Christmas Day and the two days following, but also the Feast of the Circumcision, the Sunday after New Year and the Feast of the Epiphany. Thus the performances or the six separate parts of the oratorio, each with its own distinctive musical identity, spread over into the New Year of 1735. Though Bach performed the work in this way, it should nevertheless be understood as complete and unified within itself. The unity is strengthened, furthermore, by Bach's use, surely intentional, of the same melody for the first chorale in Part 1 as for that which he incorporated into the closing chorus of the Sixth and concluding Part.
While each of the six parts of the Christmas Oratorio is structured along the lines of a typical Leipzig church cantata — that is to say, containing recitatives, arias, choruses and chorales — there are some differences. One of the features that distinguished an oratorio from a cantata in Bach's time was the use of a narrator to relate a linked sequence of events. In this way a story could be presented progressively in a way that does not occur, by and large in Bach's cantatas. Bach himself used the term "Oratorio" in connection with this work, where the Evangelist tells the story in biblical narrative, while arias, duets and trios for the soloists, choruses for the choir, and chorales in which perhaps, on occasion, the congregation participated, reflect upon and contemplate the events taking place.
The text of the Christmas Oratorio is very possibly by Christian Friedrich Henrici, better known by his pseudonym, Picander. He was Bach's collaborator at Leipzig on many occasions, but his authorship of this work remains in doubt, and it is most likely that Bach himself at least had some influence over its content. The six parts of the oratorio recount in sequence the Nativity, the Annunciation to the Shepherds, the Adoration of the Shepherds, the Circumcision and Naming of Jesus, the Coming of the Wise Men from the East and, lastly, the Adoration of the Wise Men.
CD 1:Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750)
Christmas Oratorio, BWV 248Part One - For the first Day of Christmas1. No.1 Chorus: "Jauchzet, frohlocket" [7:44]
2. No.2 Evangelist: "Es begab sich aber zu der Zeit" [1:11]
3. No.3 Rezitativ (Alt): "Nun wird mein liebster Bräutigam" [0:51]
4. No.4 Aria (Alto): " Bereite dich, Zion" [5:02]
5. No.5 Choral: "Wie soll ich dich empfangen" [1:04]
6. No.6 Evangelist: "Und sie gebar ihren ersten Sohn" [0:21]
7. No.7 Chorale: "Er ist auf Erden kommen arm", Recitativ (Bass): Wer will die Liebe recht erhöhn" [2:56]
8. No.8 Aria (Baß): "Großer Herr, o starker König" [4:22]
9. No.9 Choral: "Ach mein herzliebes Jesulein" [1:13]
Part Two - For the second Day of Christmas
10. No.10 Sinfonia [5:25]
11. No.11 Evangelist: "Und es waren Hirten in derselben Gegend" [0:35]
12. No.12 Chorale: "Brich an, o schönes Morgenlicht" [1:01]
13. No.13 Evangelist, Engel: "Und der Engel sprach zu Ihnen" [0:38]
14. No.14 Rezitativ (Baß): "Was Gott dem Abraham Verheißen" [0:41]
15. No.15 Aria (Tenor): "Frohe Hirten, eilt, ach eilet" [3:19]
16. No.16 Evangelist: "Und das habt zum Zeichen" [0:23]
17. No.17 Chorale: "Schaut hin, dort liegt im finstern [0:39]
18. No.18 Rezitativ (Baß): "So geht denn hin, ihr Hirten, geht" [0:49]
19. No.19 Aria (Alto): "Schlafe, mein Liebster, geniesse der Ruh" [9:21]
20. No.20 Evangelist: "Und alsbald war da bei dem Engel" [0:15]
21. No.21 Chor: "Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe" [2:27]
22. No.22 Rezitativ (Baß): "So recht, ihr Engel, jauchzt und singet" [0:23]
23. No.23 Chorale: "Wir singen dir in deinem Heer" [1:09]
Part Three - For the third Day of Christmas24. No.24 Chor: "Herrscher des Himmels, erhöre das Lallen" [1:58]
25. No.25 Evangelist: "Und da die Engel von ihnen gen Himmel fuhren" [0:09]
26. No.26 Chor: "Lasset uns nun gehen gen Bethlehem" [0:39]
27. No.27 Rezitativ (Baß): "Er hat sein Volk getröst" [0:36]
28. No.28 Choral: "Dies hat er alles uns getan" [0:42]
29. No.29 Duett (Sopran, Baß): "Herr, dein Mitleid, dein Erbarmen" [6:50]
30. No.30 Evangelist: "Und sie kamen eilend" [1:09]
31. No.31 Aria (Alt): "Schließe, mein Herze, dies selige Wunder" [5:00]
32. No.32 Recitativ (Alt): "Ja, ja, mein Herz soll es bewahren" [0:21]
33. No.33 Choral: "Ich will dich mit Fleiß bewahren" [0:50]
34. No.34 Evangelist: "Und die Hirten kehrten wieder um" [0:23]
35. No.35 Choral: "Seid froh dieweil" [0:43]
36. No.24 Chor: "Herrscher des Himmels, erhöre das Lallen" [1:56]
CD 2:Part Four - For New Year's Day
1. No.36 Chor: "Fallt mit Danken, fallt mit Loben" [5:34]
2. No.37 Evangelist: "Und da acht Tage um waren" [0:32]
3. No.38 Rezitativ (Baß): "Immanuel, o süßes Wort" Arioso (Chor-Sopran, Baß): "Jesu, du mein liebstes Leben"-"Komm ich will dich mit Lust umfassen" [2:15]
4. No.39 Aria (Soprano, Echo-soprano): "Flösst, mein Heiland, flösst dein Namen" [5:40]
5. No.40 Rezitativ (Baß): "Wohlan, dein Name soll allein" Arioso (Chor-Sopran): "Jesu mein Freud und Wonne" [1:21]
6. No.41 Aria (Tenor): "Ich will nur dir zu Ehren leben" [4:24]
7. No.42 Choral: "Jesus richte mein Beginnen" [1:58]
Part Five - For the 1st Sunday in the New Year8. No.43 Chor: "Ehre sei dir, Gott, gesungen" [6:08]
9. No.44 Evangelist: "Da Jesu geboren war zu Bethlehem" [0:23]
10. No.45 Chor: "Wo ist der neugeborne König der Juden?" - Rezitativ (Alt): "Sucht ihn in meiner Brust" [1:40]
11. No.46 Choral: "Dein Glanz all Finsternis verzehrt" [0:45]
12. No.47 Aria (Bass): "Erleucht auch meine finstre Sinnen" [3:59]
13. No.48 Evangelist: "Da das der König Herodes hörte" [0:12]
14. No.49 Rezitativ (Alt): "Warum wollt ihr erschrecken?" [0:30]
15. No.50 Evangelist: "Und ließ versammeln alle Hohepriester" [1:24]
16. No.51 Terzetto (Soprano, Alto, Tenor): "Ach, wann wird die Zeit erscheinen?" [5:34]
17. No.52 Rezitativ (Alt): "Mein Liebster herrschet schon" [0:25]
18. No.53 Choral: "Zwar ist solche Herzensstube" [0:47]
Part Six - For the Feast of Epiphany19. No.54 Chor: "Herr, wenn die stolzen Feinde schnauben" [5:06]
English B20. No.55 Evangelist: "Da berief Herodes die Weisen heimlich" - Herodes: "Ziehet hin und forschet fleißig" [0:44]
21. No.56 Rezitativ (Sopran): "Du Falscher, suche nur den Herrn zu fällen" [0:56]
22. No.57 Aria (Sopran): "Nur ein Wink von seinen Händen" [4:24]
23. No.58 Evangelist: "Als sie nun den König gehöret hatten" [1:04]
24. No.59 Chorale: "Ich steh an deiner Krippen hier" [1:02]
25. No.60 Evangelist: "Und Gott befahl ihnen im Traum" [0:23]
26. No.61 Rezitativ (Tenor): "So geht! Genug, mein Schatz geht nicht von hier" [1:52]
27. No.62 Aria (Tenor): "Nun mögt ihr stolzen Feinde schrecken" [3:59]
28. No.63 Rezitativ (Sopran, Alt, Tenor, Baß): "Was will der Hölle Schrecken nun?" [0:37]
29. No.64 Choral: "Nun seid ihr wohl gerochen" [3:26]
Nancy ArgentaAnne Sofie von Otter
English Baroque Soloists
John Eliot Gardiner
The Monteverdi Choir1987 ARCHIV Produktion
2 Compact Discs
DDD 423 2322 3 AH2
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